We, in this review, focus on how such meiosis-specific factors dramatically modulate the way of divisions, featuring fission yeast as an example. In the last few decades, a considerable number of studies revealed that cells exploit meiosis-specific factors to shift the division style from the standard mitotic one to the specialized meiotic one. Yeast cells undergo both types of divisions that can be switched according to environmental conditions, and therefore yeast cells have been studied to reveal underlying molecular mechanisms. How mitosis and meiosis are differentially designed and conducted is a long-standing key question in the field of cell biology. Meiosis is the type of cell division for the production of gametes in sexual reproduction. Mitosis is a type of cell division for somatic cells and for the asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells. These studies illuminate that meiosis is strategically designed to fulfill two missions: faithful segregation of genetic materials and production of genetic diversity in descendants through elaboration by meiosis-specific factors in collaboration with general factors.Įukaryotic cells undergo two styles of cell division. Here we focus on lessons from recent advancement in genetical and cytological studies of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealing how chromosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle progression are organized and particularly how these are differentiated in mitosis and meiosis. Recently, evidence began to accumulate to draw a perspective landscape showing that chromosomes and microtubules are mutually influenced: microtubules regulate chromosomes, whereas chromosomes also regulate microtubule behaviors. Yeast substantially contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in the past decades. A huge number of studies to date have demonstrated how chromosomes behave and how meiotic events are controlled. Meiosis is a specialized style of cell division conserved in eukaryotes, particularly designed for the production of gametes. 5Major in Bioscience, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.4Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. 3Institute for Medical-Oriented Structural Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.2Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.1Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.Masamitsu Sato 1,2,3*, Yasutaka Kakui 1,4 and Mika Toya 1,2,5
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